Exercise 60, 61, 70 Transformation of Sentences

 

Change the Degree of Comparison without changing the meaning:-

1. Abdul is as strong as his brother.
Answer: Abdul’s brother is not stronger than abdul.(Comparative)

2. Akbar was one of the greatest kings.
Answer: Akbar was greater than most other kings.(Comparative)

             Very few kings were as great as Akbar. (Positive)

3. Some boys are at least as industrious as Karim.
Answer: Karim is not more industrious than some other boys. (Comparative)
              Karim is not the most industrious boy. (Superlative)

4. Mahabaleshwar is cooler than Mysore.
Answer: Mysore is not so cool as Mahabaleshwar. (Positive)

5. No other bowler in the eleven is so good as Rama.

Answer: Rama is better than any other bowler in the eleven. (Comparative)
              Rama is the best bowler in the eleven.

6. Very few cities in India are as big as Chennai.
Answer: Chennai is bigger than most other cities in India.(Comparative)
              Chennai is one of the biggest cities in India.(Superlative)

7. No other story-book is so popular as The Arabian Nights.
Answer: The Arabian Nights is more popular than any other storybook.
              The Arabin Nights is the most popular storybook. (Superlative)

8. This pony is better trained than yours.
Answer: Your pony is not so well trained as this.(Positive)

9. This Church is the biggest in Mumbai.
Answer: No other Church in Mumbai is so big as this. (positive)
              This church is bigger than any other church in Mumbai. (Comparative)

10. This newspaper has a bigger circulation than any other morning paper.
Answer: No other morning paper has as big a circulation as this newspaper. (Positive)
             This newspaper has the biggest circulation of all the morning papers. (Superlative)

11. Helen of Troy was more beautiful than any other woman.
Answer: No other woman was so beautiful as Helen of Troy. (Positive)

             Helen was the most beautiful woman. (Superlative)

12. The airplane flies faster than birds.
Answer: Birds do not fly as fast as the airplane.(Positive)

13. Hyderabad is one of the biggest of Indian cities.
Answer: Very few Indian cities are as big as Hyderabad. (Positive)
            Hyderabad is bigger than most other Indian cities. (comparative)

14. Some beans are at least as nutritious as meat.
Answer: Meat is not more nutritious than some beans. (Comparative)

15. Samudra Gupta was one of the greatest of Indian kings.

Answer: Very few Indian kings were as great as Samudra Gupta.(positive)

              Samudra Gupta was greater than most other Indian Kings. (Comparative)             

16. Australia is the largest island in the world.
Answer: No other island in the world is so large as Australia. (Positive)
              Australia is larger than any other island in the world. (Comparative)

17. Very few Indo-Anglian novelists are as great as R.K. Narayan.
Answer: R K Narayan is greater than most other Indo-Anglian novelists. (Superlative)
              R K Narayan is one of the greatest Indo-Anglian Novelists. (Superlative)

18. This is one of the hottest districts in India.

Answer: Very few district in India are as hot as this.
              This is hotter than most other districts in India. (Comparative)

19. It is better to starve than beg.
Answer: It is not so good to beg as to starve. (Positive)

20. He loves all his sons equally well.
Answer: He does not love any of his sons better than the others. Comparative.

Exercise 61.

Change the following sentences into the Passive form. (Omit the agent where possible.)

1. Premchand wrote this novel.
This Nobel was written by Premchand.

2. We admire the brave.

The brave are admired (by us).

2. I bought the baby a doll.

The baby was brought a doll.

A doll was brought for the baby.

4. They know me.

I am known to them.

5. He invited me to his house yesterday.

I was invited to his house yesterday.

6. They enjoy bathing.

Bathing is enjoyed by them.

7. I opened the door.

The door was opened by me.

8. I read the book long ago.

This book was read by me long ago.

9. Pakistan expected to win the match.

It was expected by Pakistan that they would win the match.

10. The master appointed him monitor.

He was appointed Monitor.

11. Who taught you such tricks as these?

By whom were you taught such tricks as these?

12. Brutus accused Caesar of ambition.

Caesar was accused of ambition by Brutus.

13. The boy is climbing the cliff.

The cliff is being climbed by the boy.

14. He taught me to read Persian.

I was taught by him to read Persian.

15. One expects better behaviour from a college student.

Better behaviour is expected from a college student.

16. They showed a video of The Titanic'.

A video of ‘The Titanic’ was shown.

17. You must endure what you cannot cure.

What cannot be cured must be endured.

18. The King reviewed the troops in the maidan.

The troops were reviewed by the king in the maidan.

19. The curator of the museum showed us some ancient coins.

We were shown some ancient coins by the curator of the museum.

Some ancient coins were shown us by the curator of the museum.

20. They have pulled down the old house.

The old house has been pulled down.

21. The rules forbid passengers to cross the railway line.

Passengers are forbidden to cross the railway line.

22. He made his wife do the work.

His wife was made to do the work.

23. Nature teaches beasts to know their friends.

Beasts are taught by nature to know their friends.

24. All desire wealth and some acquire it.

Wealth is desired by all and acquired by some.

25. Lincoln emancipated four million African slaves.

Four million African slaves were emancipated by Lincoln.

26. We expect good news.

Good news is expected.

27. They propose to build a dam for irrigation purposes.

It is proposed to build a dam for irrigation purposes.

28. I offered him a chair.

He was offered a chair.

A chair was offered him.

29. The French surrendered Quebec to the English in 1759.

Quebec was surrendered by the French to the English in 1759.

30. He showed me the greatest respect.

I was shown the greatest respect.

31. Alas! We shall hear his voice no more.

Alas! His voice will be heard no more.

32. Shall I ever forget those happy days?

Will those happy days be ever forgotten?

33. Do you not understand my meaning?

Is my meaning understood?

34. We must listen to his words.

His words must be listen to.

Exercise 70.

(a) In the following sentences replace the Nouns in italics by Verbs:-

1. He rejected all our proposals.

He rejected all that we proposed.

1.      Steel gains strength from the addition of nickel.

Steel is strengthened by the addition of nickel.

2.      He made an agreement to supply me with firewood.

He agreed to supply me with firewood.

3.      His purpose is not clear from his letter.

What he intends is not clear from his letter.

4.      You cannot gain admission without a ticket.

You cannot be admitted without a ticket.

5.      He has no intention of leaving the city.

He does not intend to leave the city.

6.      I have a disinclination for work to-day.

I am disinclined to work today.

7.      He made a success of all his undertakings.

He succeeded in all that he undertook.

8.      These mangoes have a sweet smell but a sour taste.

These mangoes smell sweet but taste sour.

 

(b) Rewrite the following sentences so as to replace the Adverbs in italics by Verbs:-

1. The defenders successfully repelled every attack on the city.

The defender succeeded in repelling every attack on the city.

2. This scene is surpassingly beautiful.

 This scene surpasses all others in beauty.

3. He is admittedly the greatest general of the country.

It is admitted that he is the greatest general of the country.

4. They welcomed the good news most joyfully.

They rejoiced most of the good news.

 

(c) Rewrite the following sentences so as to replace the Verbs and Adjectives in italics by corresponding Nouns:-

1. Though the ant is small it is as intelligent as the elephant.

Though the ant is small it has as much intelligence as the elephant.

2. He said he regretted that he had acted so hastily.

He expressed regret for his hasty act/action.

3. He was so active in his old age that everybody admired him.

He was so full of activity in his old age that he won everybody’s admiration.

4. Before I pay you what is due you must sign this receipt.

Before I pay you your dues, you must affix your signature to this receipt.

5. The best way to be healthy is to be temperate in all things.

The best way to maintain health is to observe temperature in all things.

 

 

(d) Rewrite the following sentences, replacing Nouns and Adverbs in italics by

Adjectives of similar meaning:-

1.      In all probability the day will be fine.

It is quite probable that the day will be fine.

2.      The rats gave us a great deal of trouble.

The rats were greatly troublesome to us.

3.      He was dismissed for negligence rather than incompetence.

He was dismissed for being negligent rather than for being incompetent.

4.      He was admittedly clever, but he evidently lacked industry.

It was an admitted fact that he was clever, but it was evident that he lacked industry.

5.      The merchant had great success in all his dealings, and was naturally esteemed by his fellow citizens.

The merchant was greatly successful in all his dealings, and it was natural that he was esteemed by his fellow citizens.

 

(e) Rewrite the following sentences replacing Nouns and Adjectives in italics by Adverbs of similar meaning:-

1. Her dress was poor and mean.

She was poorly and meanly dressed.

2. He broke the rules without any intention of doing so, but it does not follow that his

punishment was wrong.

He broke the rules without any intention of doing so, but it does not follow that he was wrongly punished.

3. His mistake was evident, but his sincerity was also obvious.

He was evidently mistaken but obviously sincere.

4. By a careful analysis of these substances you will see that they differ in essence.
By carefully analysing these substances you will see that they are essentially different.

Exercise 25, 29 and 30

 

Exercise 25.

In each of the following sentences replace each Adverb Phrase by an Adverb Clause:-

 1. On his return we asked him many questions.

Answer: When he returned, we asked him many questions.

2. Do it to the best of your ability.

Answer: Do it to the best your ability.

3. The prince was met on his arrival by his secretary.
Answer: The prince was met by his secretary when he arrived.

4. In spite of poverty he became distinguished.
Answer: Though he was poor he came distinguished.

5. Upon seeing the signal the troops set out.
Answer: The troops set out when they saw the signal.

6. Nobody must expect to become rich without hard work.
Answer: Nobody must expect to become rich unless he works hard.

7. They were very grateful to him for his kindness.
Answer: They were very grateful to him because he was kind.

8. In comparison with air water is heavy.
Answer: Water is heavy when it is compared with air.

9. The weather is too bright to last.
Answer: The weather is so bright that it cannot last.

10. My heart is too full for words.
Answer: My heart is so full that I cannot express my feelings in words.

11. The work is too much for any man to do single-handed.
Answer: The work is so much that no man can do it single-handed.

12. With a view to early retirement he saved his money.
Answer: He saved his money, so that he might retire early.

13. In the event of the president's death the vice-president succeeds him.
Answer: If the president dies the vice-president succeeds him.

14. He always carried out his duties according to instructions.
Answer: He always carries out his duties as he was instructed.

15. The price is high for an old car.
Answer:  The price is high as it is an old car.

16. He ran with all his might.
Answer: He ran as fast as he could.

17. After such hard work, he requires a long rest.
Answer: He requires a long rest as he has done such hard work.

18. He was base enough to accept the dishonorable terms.
Answer: He was so base that he accepted the dishonorable terms.

19. Many ships were so shattered as to be wholly unmanageable.
Answer: Many ships were so shattered that they were wholly unmanageable.

20. A rose by any other name would smell sweet.
Answer: A rose would smell sweet even if it were called by any other name.

 Exercise 29.

 In each of the following sentences replace each Adjective Phrase by an Adjective

Clause:-

 1. A man of industrious habits is sure to succeed.

Answer: A man who is of industrious habits is sure to success.

2. He told us the time of his arrival.
Answer:

3. The time for departing has now arrived.

Answer: The time when he is to start has now arrived.

4. Do you know the road leading to the temple?
Answer; Do you know the road which leads to the temple.

5. I have a box, filled with almonds.
Answer: I have a box which is filled with almonds.

6. We all admire a man of courage.
Answer: We always admire a man who is courageous.

7. A city on a hill cannot be hidden.
Answer: A city which is situated on a hill cannot be hidden.

8. The people in the gallery could not hear.
Answer: The people who were sitting in the gallery could not hear.

9. You can have anything of your liking.
Answer: You can have anything that you like.

10. The houses of the Burmese are generally built of bamboo.
Answer: The houses in which Burmese live are generally built of bamboos.

 

Exercise 30.

 In the following sentences replace Adjective Clauses by Adjectives or Adjective

Phrases:-

1. Do you know the woman who is wearing a blue sari?
Answer: Do you know the woman wearing a blue sari.

2. The boy who sits near me is my cousin.
Answer: The boy sitting near me is my cousin.

3. That was the reason why he came late.
Answer: That was the reason for his coming late.

4. The reason, why he failed, is obvious.
Answer: The reason for his failure is obvious.

5. The workers, who were weary with their exertions, lay down to rest.
Answer: The workers being weary with their exertion, lay down to rest.

6. The sun, which at mid-day was hot, made the traveler thirsty.
Answer: The being hot at mid-day made the traveler thirsty.

7. Which is the road that leads most quickly to the station?
Answer: Which is the road leading most quickly to the station?

8. People who eat too much die early.
Answer: People eating too much die early.

9. Many men who have not been trained to write become journalists.
Answer: many men not trained to write become journalists.

10. This is the place where our forefathers landed.
Answer: This is the place of landing of our forefathers.

11. The explanation he gave was not satisfactory.
Answer: The explanation given by him was not satisfactory.

12. Such men as you cannot be easily disheartened.
Answer: Men like you cannot be easily disheartened.

13. This boy, who has been industrious, has earned a prize which he has well deserved.
Answer: The industrious boy has earned a prize which he has well deserved.

14. A belief which is generally held is not necessarily one which is true.

Answer: A generally held belief is not necessarily one which is true.

15. An author who was famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage which

overlooks the lake.
Answer: The author famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage which overlooks the lake.

 

Exercise 26 (Wren & Martin)

1.      

I have not been well since I returned from Chennai.
Answer: since my return from Chennai

2.       When the sunset he returned home.
Answer: At sunset / The sun having set

3.       They fought as heroes do.
Answer: like heroes/ heroically

4.       When the righteous rule, the people rejoice.
Answer: Under the rule of the righteous

5.       Though I am poor yet I am contented.
Answer: In spite of my poverty

6.       We have come so that we may help you.
Answer: to help you

7.       When he entered the room he saw the vase broken.
Answer: (on) entering the room

8.       The thief crept as a jackal does.
Answer: like a jackal

9.       I am glad that he has recovered from illness.
Answer: of his recovery from his illness

10.   He works so hard so that he may become rich.
Answer: to become rich

11.   He worked so hard that he succeeded.
Answer: as to succeed

12.   As soon as I saw the cobra I ran away.
Answer: Immediately on seeing the cobra

13.   We ran so that we might arrive in time.
Answer: so as to arrive in time

14.   He jested even as he lay dying.
Answer: even on his death bed

15.   No man can become a great artist unless he applies himself continually to his art.
Answer: without applying himself continually to his art

16.   There was nothing he would not do if only he might make profit.
Answer: to make profit

17.   He was not so rich that he could buy a car.
Answer: (rich enough) to buy a motor car

18.   When he had uttered these words he sat down.
Answer: After uttering these words

19.   This exercise is so difficult that I cannot do this.
Answer:  too difficult for me to do

20.   This news is so good that it cannot be true.
Answer: (too good) to be true

21.   I did not pay him, as I had no money with me.
Answer: having no money with me

22.   He lived carefully so that he might live long.
Answer: so as to live long

23.   The steamer will leave as soon as the mails arrive.
Answer: on the arrival of the mails

24.   He may go home after his work is finished.
Answer: after finishing his works

25.   As he was sick, he remained at home.
Answer: Being sick

26.   He was punished as he deserved.
Answer: deservedly

27.   This sum is right so far as the working is concerned.
Answer: in respect of working

28.   It rained so hard that the streets were flooded.
Answer: as to flood the streets

29.   I took him because you recommended him.
Answer: because of your recommendation

30.   My parents were poor though they were of noble birth.
Answer: in spite of their noble birth

31.   He refuses to work whatever I may say.
Answer: for all my admonition

32.   We will do the work as well as we can.
Answer: to the best of our ability

33.   Robinson Crusoe was puzzled when he discovered the print of a foot on the sand.
Answer:  at the discovery of the print of a foot on the sand

34.   Apollo was worshiped as long as the Roman Empire lasted.
Answer: throughout the period of the Roman Empire

35.   He thought himself rich though his income was only Rs. 30, 000 annually.
Answer: in spite of his income being only Rs. 30, 000 annually

36.   We were kind to you because you are kind to us.
Answer:  because of your kindness to us

37.   The passage is so difficult that I cannot comprehend it.
Answer: (too difficult) for me to comprehend

Solution to Exercise in Composition: 106 & 107

 

Solution to Exercise in Composition: 106

1.       The swami asked the villagers to bring him a glass of milk.

2.       The teacher told the boys to sit down.

3.       The officer shouted to his men to halt.

4.       The king ordered the Hatter to take off his hat.

5.       The teacher advised him not to read so fast.

6.       He asked me to wait until came.

7.       He told his servant to hurry up and not to waste time.

8.       Their mother told the children to run away.

9.       He asked his daughter to take his golden jug and fetch him some water from the well.

10.   His master ordered him to go down to bazar and bring him some oil and a lump of rice.

Solution to Exercise in Composition: 107

1.       Mr. Squeers exclaimed with a sigh that milk was, to be sure, a very rare article in London.

2.       He angrily remarked that I (he/she) was a very stupid fellow.

3.       He exclaimed sadly that he was ruined.

4.       He exclaimed sadly that their foes were too strong.

5.       He remarked that I/he was a very lazy boy and that I/he had done my work very badly.

6.       They exclaimed that they had passed the holiday merrily.

7.       He exclaimed that it was a nuisance.

8.       He remarked that it was very cruel of him.

9.       He exclaimed that it was a great pity I (she/he/they/we) had not come.

10.   The Queen exclaimed sadly that he had done a very rash and bloody deed.

Solution to Exercise 98

 

  Solution to Exercise 98                       

1.       My brother is well, but my sister is ill.

2.       He sells mangoes and oranges.

3.       He did not succeed though he worked hard.

4.       Rama and Hari played well.

5.       I honor him as he is a brave man.
I honor him because he is a great man.

6.       You may go, but I will play.

7.       Rama reads for pleasure, but Hari reads for profit.

8.       We decided to set out though it was late.

9.       He was poor but honest.
Though he was poor, he was honest.

10.   He is neither a knave nor a fool.

11.   We love Bahadur as he is a faithful dog.

12.   Rustum made twelve runs before he was caught at the wicket.

13.   He is rich but not happy.
Though rich, he is not happy.

14.   The sheep and the oxen are grazing.

15.   He is poor but contented.
Though he is poor, he is contented.

16.   This mango is large and sweet.

17.   Neither my brother nor my sister was there.

 

 

Solution to Exercise 40 & 41

 

Solution to Exercise 40

1.       The mouse was killed by the rat.

2.       The tree was cut down by the man.

3.       America was discovered by Columbus.

4.       He was praised by his teacher.

5.       The dog was teased by the boy.

6.       The horse was fed by the syce every day.

7.       He was arrested.

8.       A kite was being made by Rama.

9.       A ball was caught by the boy.

10.   A letter will be written by my father.

11.   He will be conquered (by me).

12.   I was kept waiting.

13.   The lion was shot by the hunter.

14.   The door was opened by Hari.

15.   The thief was caught by a policeman.

16.   The ball was thrown by Sohrab.

17.   Twenty runs were scored by him.

18.   I am vexed by your behavior.

19.   Character is revealed by manners.

20.   A very few remarkable discovery was made by him.

21.   Great oaks are felled by little strokes.

22.   The pony will be brought by Dhondu.

23.   He is loved by everyone.

24.   This picture has been drawn by my cousin.

25.   Good news is expected.

26.   The harvest is gathered by the farmer.

27.   He was swindled by his own brother.

28.   The inspector was pleased by the recitation.

29.   The light has been put out.

30.   Our army had been defeated.

31.   TVs are sold here.

32.   My bicycle had been sold.

33.   It will soon be forgotten.

34.   The theatre was opened only last month

35.   Smoking is prohibited.

Solution to Exercise 41

1.       You and he were seen by us.

2.       I was asked by name.
My name was asked by him

3.       They were refused admission.

4.       A doll was bought for the baby.

5.       He was found guilty of murder.

6.       Milk is often turned sour by a thunderstorm.

7.       The ocean cannot be pumped dry.

8.       The storm was seen approaching.

9.       I am kept waiting.

10.   The house was painted red.

11.   I was told to leave the room.

12.   I was promised a present.

13.   The carriage will be ordered.

14.   The cliff is being climbed by the boy.

15.   Many things can be accomplished by a little effort.

16.   You are being watched carefully.