Exercise 25, 29 and 30

 

Exercise 25.

In each of the following sentences replace each Adverb Phrase by an Adverb Clause:-

 1. On his return we asked him many questions.

Answer: When he returned, we asked him many questions.

2. Do it to the best of your ability.

Answer: Do it to the best your ability.

3. The prince was met on his arrival by his secretary.
Answer: The prince was met by his secretary when he arrived.

4. In spite of poverty he became distinguished.
Answer: Though he was poor he came distinguished.

5. Upon seeing the signal the troops set out.
Answer: The troops set out when they saw the signal.

6. Nobody must expect to become rich without hard work.
Answer: Nobody must expect to become rich unless he works hard.

7. They were very grateful to him for his kindness.
Answer: They were very grateful to him because he was kind.

8. In comparison with air water is heavy.
Answer: Water is heavy when it is compared with air.

9. The weather is too bright to last.
Answer: The weather is so bright that it cannot last.

10. My heart is too full for words.
Answer: My heart is so full that I cannot express my feelings in words.

11. The work is too much for any man to do single-handed.
Answer: The work is so much that no man can do it single-handed.

12. With a view to early retirement he saved his money.
Answer: He saved his money, so that he might retire early.

13. In the event of the president's death the vice-president succeeds him.
Answer: If the president dies the vice-president succeeds him.

14. He always carried out his duties according to instructions.
Answer: He always carries out his duties as he was instructed.

15. The price is high for an old car.
Answer:  The price is high as it is an old car.

16. He ran with all his might.
Answer: He ran as fast as he could.

17. After such hard work, he requires a long rest.
Answer: He requires a long rest as he has done such hard work.

18. He was base enough to accept the dishonorable terms.
Answer: He was so base that he accepted the dishonorable terms.

19. Many ships were so shattered as to be wholly unmanageable.
Answer: Many ships were so shattered that they were wholly unmanageable.

20. A rose by any other name would smell sweet.
Answer: A rose would smell sweet even if it were called by any other name.

 Exercise 29.

 In each of the following sentences replace each Adjective Phrase by an Adjective

Clause:-

 1. A man of industrious habits is sure to succeed.

Answer: A man who is of industrious habits is sure to success.

2. He told us the time of his arrival.
Answer:

3. The time for departing has now arrived.

Answer: The time when he is to start has now arrived.

4. Do you know the road leading to the temple?
Answer; Do you know the road which leads to the temple.

5. I have a box, filled with almonds.
Answer: I have a box which is filled with almonds.

6. We all admire a man of courage.
Answer: We always admire a man who is courageous.

7. A city on a hill cannot be hidden.
Answer: A city which is situated on a hill cannot be hidden.

8. The people in the gallery could not hear.
Answer: The people who were sitting in the gallery could not hear.

9. You can have anything of your liking.
Answer: You can have anything that you like.

10. The houses of the Burmese are generally built of bamboo.
Answer: The houses in which Burmese live are generally built of bamboos.

 

Exercise 30.

 In the following sentences replace Adjective Clauses by Adjectives or Adjective

Phrases:-

1. Do you know the woman who is wearing a blue sari?
Answer: Do you know the woman wearing a blue sari.

2. The boy who sits near me is my cousin.
Answer: The boy sitting near me is my cousin.

3. That was the reason why he came late.
Answer: That was the reason for his coming late.

4. The reason, why he failed, is obvious.
Answer: The reason for his failure is obvious.

5. The workers, who were weary with their exertions, lay down to rest.
Answer: The workers being weary with their exertion, lay down to rest.

6. The sun, which at mid-day was hot, made the traveler thirsty.
Answer: The being hot at mid-day made the traveler thirsty.

7. Which is the road that leads most quickly to the station?
Answer: Which is the road leading most quickly to the station?

8. People who eat too much die early.
Answer: People eating too much die early.

9. Many men who have not been trained to write become journalists.
Answer: many men not trained to write become journalists.

10. This is the place where our forefathers landed.
Answer: This is the place of landing of our forefathers.

11. The explanation he gave was not satisfactory.
Answer: The explanation given by him was not satisfactory.

12. Such men as you cannot be easily disheartened.
Answer: Men like you cannot be easily disheartened.

13. This boy, who has been industrious, has earned a prize which he has well deserved.
Answer: The industrious boy has earned a prize which he has well deserved.

14. A belief which is generally held is not necessarily one which is true.

Answer: A generally held belief is not necessarily one which is true.

15. An author who was famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage which

overlooks the lake.
Answer: The author famous during the freedom struggle lived in that cottage which overlooks the lake.

 

Solution to Exercise 40 & 41

 

Solution to Exercise 40

1.       The mouse was killed by the rat.

2.       The tree was cut down by the man.

3.       America was discovered by Columbus.

4.       He was praised by his teacher.

5.       The dog was teased by the boy.

6.       The horse was fed by the syce every day.

7.       He was arrested.

8.       A kite was being made by Rama.

9.       A ball was caught by the boy.

10.   A letter will be written by my father.

11.   He will be conquered (by me).

12.   I was kept waiting.

13.   The lion was shot by the hunter.

14.   The door was opened by Hari.

15.   The thief was caught by a policeman.

16.   The ball was thrown by Sohrab.

17.   Twenty runs were scored by him.

18.   I am vexed by your behavior.

19.   Character is revealed by manners.

20.   A very few remarkable discovery was made by him.

21.   Great oaks are felled by little strokes.

22.   The pony will be brought by Dhondu.

23.   He is loved by everyone.

24.   This picture has been drawn by my cousin.

25.   Good news is expected.

26.   The harvest is gathered by the farmer.

27.   He was swindled by his own brother.

28.   The inspector was pleased by the recitation.

29.   The light has been put out.

30.   Our army had been defeated.

31.   TVs are sold here.

32.   My bicycle had been sold.

33.   It will soon be forgotten.

34.   The theatre was opened only last month

35.   Smoking is prohibited.

Solution to Exercise 41

1.       You and he were seen by us.

2.       I was asked by name.
My name was asked by him

3.       They were refused admission.

4.       A doll was bought for the baby.

5.       He was found guilty of murder.

6.       Milk is often turned sour by a thunderstorm.

7.       The ocean cannot be pumped dry.

8.       The storm was seen approaching.

9.       I am kept waiting.

10.   The house was painted red.

11.   I was told to leave the room.

12.   I was promised a present.

13.   The carriage will be ordered.

14.   The cliff is being climbed by the boy.

15.   Many things can be accomplished by a little effort.

16.   You are being watched carefully.

 

Exercise in Composition 20

 

1.      No other town in Malaysia is so old as Malacca. (Positive)

Malacca is older than any other town in Malaysia.  (Comparative)

2.       Meat is not more nutritious than Soyabeans.
Soyabeans are not less nutritious than meat. (Comparative)

3.       Jupiter is bigger than any other planet. (Comparative)
Jupiter is the biggest planet. (Superlative)

4.       Latif is more industrious than most other boys. (Comparative)
Latif is one of the most industrious boys. (Superlative)

5.       He would not as soon tell a lie as die. (positive)

6.       India is larger than any other democracy in the world. (Comparative)
No other democracy in the world is so large as India. (Positive)

7.       No other English poet is so great as Shakespeare. (positive)

Shakespeare is greatest of the English poets. (Superlative)

8.       Very few Indian kings were so great as Samudra Gupta. (positive)
Samudra Gupta was greater than most other Indian kings. (comparative)

9.       No other animal is so ferocious as the tiger. (positive)
The Tiger is more ferocious than any other animal. (Comparative)

10.   No other island in the world is so large as Australia. (positive)
Australia is larger than any other island in the world. (Comparative)

11.   No other metal is so heavy as lead. (positive)
Lead is the heaviest of all metals. (superlative)

12.   Some people do not have as much brains as money. (positive)

13.   A foolish friend is not so good as a wise enemy. (positive)

14.   The Marwaries are at least as enterprising as any other community in India. (positive)

15.   You do not know him better than I do. (comparative)

16.   I do not know him as well as you do. (positive)

17.   Bhim was stronger than any other man. (comparative)
Bhim was the strongest of all men. (superlative)

18.   Suresh is not more industrious than some other boys. (comparative)
Suresh is not the most industrious boy. (Superlative).

19.   No other peak of the Himalayas is so high as mount Everest. (positive)
Mount Everest is higher than any other peak of the Himalayas. (comparative)

20.   The crow is one of the most useful animals. (superlative)
The crow is more useful than most other animals. (comparative)

21.   No other country in the world is so rich as America. (positive)
America is richer than any other country in the world. (comparative)

22.   It is not so easy to practice as to preach. (positive)

23.   No other metal is so useful as iron. (positive)
Iron is the most useful of all metals. (superlative)

24.   Secret love is not so good as open rebuke. (positive)

25.   This is taller than any other building in the city. (comparative)
No other building in the city is so tall as this. (positive)

26.   No other Indian was greater orator than Sir Surendranath. (comparative)
Sir Surendranath was one of the greatest Indian orators. (superlative)

27.   No other resort in India is healthier than Ooty. (Comparative)
Ooty is one of the healthiest resorts in India.

28.   The sword is not so mighty as the pen.

Solution to Exercise in Grammar 55

 Solution to Exercise in Grammar 55

 Point out the Participles and Gerunds in the following sentences. In the case of the

Participle, name the noun or pronoun which it qualifies. In the case of the Gerund, state

whether it is subject, object, complement, or used after a preposition.

 1. He was found fighting desperately for his life.

Answer: fighting-Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’

2. He has ruined his sight by reading small print.
Answer: reading-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘by’

3. Hearing the noise, he ran to the window.
Answer: hearing- participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’

4. We saw a clown standing on his head.
Answer: standing- participle, qualifying the noun, ‘clown’

5. Asking questions is easier than answering them.
Answer: asking- Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is’ answering –Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is’ understood

6. Waving their hats and handkerchiefs, the people cheered the king.
Answer: Waving- participle, qualifying the noun ‘people’

7. Walking on the grass is forbidden.
Answer: Walking-Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is forbidden’

8. Jumping over the fence, the thief escaped.
Answer: Jumping- Participle, qualifying the noun ‘thief’

9. The miser spends his time in hoarding money.
Answer: hoarding-gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’

10. Much depends on Rama's returning before noon.
Answer: returning-gerund, object of the preposition ‘on’

11. Amassing wealth often ruins health.
Answer: Amassing- Gerund, subject of the verb ‘ruins’

12. I was surprised at Hari's being absent.
Answer: being-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘at’

13. We spent the afternoon in playing cards.
Answer: playing-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’

14. The miser hated spending money.
Answer: spending-gerund, object of the verb ‘hated’

15. She was angry at Saroja trying to lie to her.
Answer: Saroja trying to lie to her –Gerund, object of the preposition ‘at’

16. Praising all alike is praising none.
Answer: Praising –Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is’, praising-Gerund, complement of the verb ‘is,

17. Are you afraid of his hearing you?

Answer: hearing- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘of’

18. I determined to increase my salary by managing a little farm.
Answer: managing- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘by’

19. Success is not merely winning applause.
Answer: winning –Gerund, complement of the verb ‘is’

20. The year was spent in visiting our rich neighbours.
Answer; visiting –Gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’

21. Singing to herself was her chief delight.
Answer: singing –Gerund, subject of the verb ‘was’

22. He preferred playing football to studying his lessons.
Answer: Playing – Gerund, object of the verb ‘preferred’
studying – Gerund, object of the preposition ‘to’

23. I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word.
Answer: teaching- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘for’

24. 1 cannot go on doing nothing.
Answer: doing –Gerund, object of ‘go on’ phrasal verb.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise in Grammar 51,52,53,54

 Exercise in Grammar 51

Pick out the Participle in each of the following sentences. Tell whether it is a Present or a

Past participle, and also how it is used:-

1. Generally speaking, we receive what we deserve.
Answer: Speaking-Present Participle, ImpersonalAbsolute

2. Having gained truth, keep truth.
Answer: Having gained-Perfect Participle, governing the noun ‘truth’

3. I saw the storm approaching.
Answer: Approaching-Present Participle, attached to the noun ‘storm’

4. Hearing a noise, I turned round.
Answer: Hearing-Present Participle, governing the noun ‘noise’

5. Considering the facts, he received scant justice.
Answer: Considering-Present Participle, Impersonal Absolute

6. The enemy, beaten at every point, fled from the field.
Answer: Beaten-Past Participle, qualifying the noun ‘enemy’

7. Being dissatisfied, he resigned his position.
Answer: Being dissatisfied-Present Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’

8. The rain came pouring down in torrents.

Answer: pouring-Present Participle, attached to the verb ‘come’

9. Having elected him President, the people gave him their loyal support.
Answer: Having elected-Perfect Participle, governing the pronoun him.

10. The traveller, being weary, sat by the wood side to rest.
Answer: Being –Present Participle, used absolutely with the noun ‘traveller’

E xercise in G rammar 52

Pick out the Participle in each of the following sentences. Tell whether it is a Present or a

Past Participle, and also how it is used:-

1. The fat of the body is fuel laid away for use.
Answer: Laid-past Participle, qualifying the noun ‘word’

2. Being occupied with important matters, he had no leisure to see us.
Answer: Being occupied-Present Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘He’

3. The children coming home from school look in at the open door.
Answer: Coming –Present participle, qualifying the noun ‘Children’

4. Michael, bereft of his son Luke, died of a broken heart.
Answer: bereft-Past Participle, qualifying the noun ‘Michael’

5. Books read in childhood seem like old friends.
Answer: read- Past participle, qualifying the noun, books.

6. Lessons learned easily are soon forgotten.
Answer: Learned –Past participle, qualifying the noun ‘lessons’

7. A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in pictures (baskets) of silver.
Answer: spoken –Past participle, qualifying the noun ‘word’

8. Seeing the sunshine, I threw open the window.
Answer: Seeing –Present Participle, Governing the noun ‘sunshine’ and qualifying the pronoun ‘I’

9. Seizing him by the arm, his friend led him away.
Answer: Seizing- Present Participle, governing the pronoun ‘him’ and qualifying the noun ‘friend’

10. Encouraged by his wife, he persevered.
Answer: Encouraged –Past Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’

11. Overcome by remorse, he determined to atone for his crime by liberality to the church.
Answer: Overcome-Past Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’

 

E xerci se in C o m p o sit io n 5 3

Combine the following pairs of sentences by making use of Participle:-

[Examples. The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned it into a cat.

= Taking pity on the mouse the magician turned it into a cat.  

The train was ready to leave the station. The people had taken their seats.

= The people having taken their seats, the train was ready to leave the station.]

1. The porter opened the gate. We entered.
Answer: The porter opening the gate/having opened the gate, we entered.

2. We started early. We arrived at noon.
Answer: Starting/Having started early, we arrived at noon.

3. We met a man. He was carrying a load of wood.
Answer: We met a man carrying a load of wood.

4. The stable door was open. The horse was stolen.
Answer: the stable door being opened, the horse was stolen.

5. He seized his stick. He rushed to the door.
Answer: Seizing/having seized his stick, he rushed to the door.

6. The hunter took up his gun. He went out to shoot the lion.
Answer: Taking up his gun/having taken up his gun the hunter went out to shoot the lion.

7. A crow stole a piece of cheese. She flew to her nest to enjoy the tasty meal.
Answer: Stealing/having stolen a piece of cheese, a crow flew to her nest to enjoy the tasty meal.

8. The wolf wished to pick a quarrel with the lamb. He said. "How dare you make the water muddy?"
Answer: Wishing to pick a quarrel with the lamb, the wolf said, “How dare you make the water muddy?

9. A passenger alighted from the train. He fell over a bag on the platform.
Answer: Alighting from the rain, he fell over a bag on the platform.

10. Nanak met his brother in the street. He asked him where he was going.
Answer: Meeting/having met his brother in the street, Nanak asked him where he was going.

11. My sister was charmed with the silk. She bought ten yards.
Answer: being charmed with the silk, my sister bought ten yards.

12. The steamer was delayed by a storm. She came into port a day late.
Answer: Being delayed by storm, the steamer came into port a day late.

13. He had resolved on a certain course. He acted with vigour.

Answer: having resolved on certain course, he acted with vigour.

14. He staggered back. He sank to the ground.
Answer: Staggering back, he sank to the ground.

15. The letter was badly written. I had great difficulty in making out its contents.
Answer: The letter being badly written, I had great difficulty in making out its content.

16. They had no fodder. They could give the cow nothing to eat.
Answer: Having no fodder, they could give the cow nothing to eat.

17. A hungry fox saw some bunches of grapes. They were hanging from a vine.
Answer: A hungry fox saw some bunches of grapes hanging from a vine.

18. Cinderella hurried away with much haste. She dropped one of her little glass slippers.
Answer: Having away with much haste, Cinderella dropped one of her little glass slipper.

E xerci se in C o m p o sit io n 5 4

Rewrite each of the following sentences, by changing the Participle into a Finite Verb;-

[Examples. Quitting the forest we advanced into the open plain. = We quitted the forest

and advanced into the open plain. Driven out of his country, he sought asylum in a

 

foreign land. [= As he was driven out of his country, he sought asylum in a foreign land.]

1. Going up the stairs, the boy fell down.
Answer: When he was going up the stairs, the boy fell down.

2. Having lost my passport, I applied for a new one.  
Answer: As I had lost my passport, I applied for a new one.

3. I once saw a man walking on a rope.
Answer: I once saw a man who was walking on a roof.

4. Walking on the roof, he slipped and fell.
Answer: When he was walking on the roof, he slipped a fell.

5. Having no guide with us, we lost our way.
Answer: As we had no guide with us, we lost our way.

6. The stable door being open, the horse was stolen.
Answer: As the stable door was opened, the horse was stolen.

7. Being paralytic, he could not walk.
Answer: As he was paralytic, he could not walk.

8. Hearing the noise, I woke up.
Answer: I heard the noise and woke up.

9. Caesar being murdered, the dictatorship came to an end.
Answer: Caesar was murdered and the dictatorship came to an end.

10. Working all day, I was fatigued.
Answer: I worked all day and was fatigues.

11. We met an old Sadhu walking to Benares.
Answer: We met an old Sadhu who was walking in Benaras.

12. Having come of age, his son entered into partnership with him.
Answer: When his son had come of age, he entered into partnership with him.

13. Having failed in the first attempt, he made no further attempts.
Answer: He failed in the first attempt and made no further attempt.

14. Walking up to the front door, I rang the bell.
Answer: I walked up to the front door and rang bell.

15. Winter coming on, the grasshopper had no food.
Answer: As winter came on, the grasshopper had no food.

16. Enchanted with the whole scene, I lingered on my voyage.
Answer: As I was enchanted with the whole scene, I lingered on my voyage.

17. The enemy disputed their ground inch by inch, fighting with the fury of despair.
Answer: The enemy fought with the fury of despair and disputed their ground inch by inch.

18. Mounting his horse, the bandit rode off.
Answer: The bandit mounted his horse and rode off.

19. The policeman, running with all his speed, was scarcely able to overtake the thief.
Answer: The policeman ran with all his speed and was scarcely able to overtake the thief.

20. Not knowing my way, I asked a policeman.
Answer: As I did not know my way, I asked a policeman.