1.Look at picture 1 and recall the opening lines of the original song of Hindi. Who is singer? Who else do you see in this picture?
Ans:-"Aai mere Batan Ke Logon Jaraa Ankha Me Bhara Lo Paani
Jo Sahid Huwe Hain Unki Jara Yada Karo Kurbani" Lata Mangeshkar is singer. I see Pt.JawaharLal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Smt. Indira Gandhi. Below these pictures tireless freedom fighters are seen. They are Rani Lakshmi Bai, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Bahadur Shah Jafar, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose.
2. In picture 2 what do you understand by the Company’s “superior weapons”?
Ans:- Their guns are considered to be "superior weapons".
3. Who is an artisan? Why do you think the artisan suffered?
Ans:-An artisan is a person who is skilled in crafts. They are called craft-person. They were so excellent in their skill that demand of their products was more than that of British. This is the reason why they destroyed them by hook and crook.
4. Which picture according to you, reveals the first spark of the fire of revolt?
Ans:-Picture 7 reveals the first spark of the fire of revolt.
Working with the text.
Answer the following questions.
1.Do you think the Indian princes were short-sighted in their approach to the events of 1757?
Ans:-The Indian princes were really short-sighted in their approach. They were self-made. They were fond of fighting among one another without thinking of its consequences. Whenever they wanted to be helped by the British to defeat their opponent they were helped. They used British to get victory over other Princes. Ultimately great differences were made among them. They did not think of their nation’s unity and integrity.
2. How did The East India Company subdue the Indian princes?
Ans:-Indian princes used to fight among one another. They believe that fighting a battle was the first and foremost duty to be a real king. Of and on they took help of East India Company to do so. Disintegration of Indian princes provided a great opportunity to the Company to subdue the Indian princes and got success.
3. Quote the words used by Ram Mohan Roy to say that every religion teaches the same principles.
Ans:-The words used by Ram Mohan Roy are "Cows are of different colors, the color of their milk is same. Different teachers have their different opinions but the essence of every religion is the same".
4. In what ways did the British officers exploit Indians?
Ans:-The British passed a very harsh resolution. In accordance with the resolution Indian people were to be imprisoned without any trial. British goods were made free from import duties. That is why Bentinck stated "The bones of cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India".
5. Name these people.
(i) The ruler who fought pitched battles against the British and died fighting.
Ans:-Tipu Sultan.
(ii) The person who wanted to reform the society.
Ans:-Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
(iii) The person who recommended the introduction of English education in India.
Ans:-Lord Macaulay
(iv) Two popular leaders who led the revolt (choices may vary.)
Ans:-Mangal Pandey, Vir Kunwar singh.
6. Mention the following.
(i) Two examples of social practices prevailing then.
Ans:-Child Marriage and Sati System.
(ii) Two oppressive policies of the British.
Ans:-(a) Indian were to be imprisoned without trial.
(b) British goods were made tax-free.
(iii) Two ways in which common people suffered.
Ans:-(a) The needs of Indian people were avoided.
(b) Indian farmers were imposed heavy taxes.
(iv) Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence.
Ans:-(a) Santhals were discontented because of their seized land.
(b) Indian soldiers were discontented because of their lower payment than the British soldiers for the same duty.
(c) Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow was discontented because of her lost kingdom.
(d) Many other Indian Landlords lost their lands because of the absurd British policies.
These were the reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence.
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