Solution
to Exercise in Grammar 55
Point out the
Participles and Gerunds in the following sentences. In the case of the
Participle,
name the noun or pronoun which it qualifies. In the case of the Gerund, state
whether it is
subject, object, complement, or used after a preposition.
1.
He was found fighting desperately for his life.
Answer: fighting-Participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’
2.
He has ruined his sight by reading small print.
Answer: reading-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘by’
3.
Hearing the noise, he ran to the window.
Answer: hearing- participle, qualifying the pronoun ‘he’
4.
We saw a clown standing on his head.
Answer: standing- participle, qualifying the noun, ‘clown’
5.
Asking questions is easier than answering them.
Answer: asking- Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is’ answering –Gerund, subject of
the verb ‘is’ understood
6.
Waving their hats and handkerchiefs, the people cheered the king.
Answer: Waving- participle, qualifying the noun ‘people’
7.
Walking on the grass is forbidden.
Answer: Walking-Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is forbidden’
8.
Jumping over the fence, the thief escaped.
Answer: Jumping- Participle, qualifying the noun ‘thief’
9.
The miser spends his time in hoarding money.
Answer: hoarding-gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’
10.
Much depends on Rama's returning before noon.
Answer: returning-gerund, object of the preposition ‘on’
11.
Amassing wealth often ruins health.
Answer: Amassing- Gerund, subject of the verb ‘ruins’
12.
I was surprised at Hari's being absent.
Answer: being-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘at’
13.
We spent the afternoon in playing cards.
Answer: playing-Gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’
14.
The miser hated spending money.
Answer: spending-gerund, object of the verb ‘hated’
15.
She was angry at Saroja trying to lie to her.
Answer: Saroja trying to lie to her –Gerund, object of the preposition ‘at’
16.
Praising all alike is praising none.
Answer: Praising –Gerund, subject of the verb ‘is’, praising-Gerund, complement
of the verb ‘is,
17.
Are you afraid of his hearing you?
Answer:
hearing- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘of’
18.
I determined to increase my salary by managing a little farm.
Answer: managing- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘by’
19.
Success is not merely winning applause.
Answer: winning –Gerund, complement of the verb ‘is’
20.
The year was spent in visiting our rich neighbours.
Answer; visiting –Gerund, object of the preposition ‘in’
21.
Singing to herself was her chief delight.
Answer: singing –Gerund, subject of the verb ‘was’
22.
He preferred playing football to studying his lessons.
Answer: Playing – Gerund, object of the verb ‘preferred’
studying – Gerund, object of the preposition ‘to’
23.
I thank thee, Jew, for teaching me that word.
Answer: teaching- Gerund, object of the preposition ‘for’
24.
1 cannot go on doing nothing.
Answer: doing –Gerund, object of ‘go on’ phrasal verb.
